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Free speech in the media during the Libyan civil war describes the ability of domestic and international media to report news inside Libya free from interference and censorship during the civil war. This synopsis from Al Jazeera gives a sense of what the media war was like as of 12 March:〔("Libya: The propaganda war" ), Listening Post, Al Jazeera, 12 March 2011〕
==Media conditions prior to the civil war== According to a BBC overview of Libyan media , "the state strictly controls the media", "the Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation is the state broadcaster", and "most Libyan newspapers are either directly or indirectly owned by the government". The Libyan government authorized non-governmental media in 2007, leading to the launch of newspapers and a satellite TV service by a company affiliated with one of Colonel Gaddafi's sons. But the nationalization of these ventures in 2009 signaled the end to several years of improving conditions for the media. In January 2010 Libya began censoring the Internet. YouTube was blocked on 24 January following the posting of videos of demonstrations by the families of prisoners in the city of Benghazi, and of footage of members of Muammar Gaddafi's family attending parties. Other independent opposition websites were blocked at the same time.〔("Country report: Libya" ), Reporters Without Borders, accessed 1 October 2011〕 In 2009 Libya had 1.1 million fixed-line and 5.0 million mobile-cellular telephone subscribers for a combined fixed-mobile density approaching 100 telephones per 100 persons.〔("CIA World Factbook: Libya" ), U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 27 September 2011〕 In 2009 a single government-owned service-provider offered Internet access to an estimated 5.5 percent of the population.〔("2010 Human rights Report: Libya" ), Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 8 April 2011〕 Libyan law provided for freedom of speech "within the limits of public interest and principles of the Revolution", but in practice freedom of speech and the press was severely limited, particularly criticism of government officials or policy. Penalties included life prison-sentences for spreading news or information that could "tarnish the country's reputation or undermine confidence in it abroad" and the death penalty for "whoever spreads within the country, by whatever means, theories or principles aiming to change the basic principles of the Constitution or the fundamental structures of the social system or to overthrow the state's political, social or economic structures or destroy any of the fundamental structures of the social system using violence, terrorism or any other unlawful means". Given the broad nature of these prohibitions and the harsh penalties attached, Libyan journalists practiced a considerable degree of self-censorship.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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